The Connection Between Narcolepsy and Sleep Disruption

Can individuals dealing with narcolepsy find ways to reduce its effects on the musculoskeletal system and improve sleep?

What Is Narcolepsy?

Around the world, many individuals have gotten 8 hours of sleep by doing errands to function throughout the day. Sometimes, it is important to take naps between certain hours of the day to give the body a chance to rest and continue for the rest of the day before going to bed. However, more individuals have experienced sleep disturbances like scrolling through their phones, dealing with chronic conditions like migraines or insomnia, or not having a proper sleep schedule that can negatively impact their sleep. One of the sleep disturbances is narcolepsy, which can cause individuals to have sleep issues throughout the day and even affect their musculoskeletal system. In today’s article, we will be looking at what narcolepsy is, its symptoms, how it affects the muscles, and what treatments can reduce narcolepsy and improve sleep. We associate with certified medical providers who inform our patients of the effects narcolepsy causes on a person and their bodies. While asking important questions to our associated medical providers, we advise patients to include various techniques to reduce the overlapping risk profiles related to narcolepsy and help improve their sleep quality. Dr. Alex Jimenez, D.C., envisions this information as an academic service. Disclaimer.

Do you often feel extremely tired throughout the day, and is it causing you to take a nap in weird places? Do your arms and legs feel weak from carrying various objects? Or do you feel general aches or pains in your neck, shoulders, and back? Many of these scenarios are associated with sleep disturbances that can affect the musculoskeletal system. One of the sleep disturbances is narcolepsy, characterized by the onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep that can correlate with the lack of orexin neurons from the central nervous system, thus causing daytime sleepiness. (Slowik et al., 2024) Narcolepsy has two forms depending on the severity of the condition: type 1 (narcolepsy with cataplexy) and type 2 (narcolepsy without cataplexy). Depending on the severity of narcolepsy, it can disrupt the brain from generating and regulating REM sleep and cause issues for the body when it is awake during the day. (Thorpy et al., 2024) This chronic sleep disorder can disrupt a person’s quality of life and affect their socio-economic lifestyle.

Symptoms

Narcolepsy has four main symptoms that can affect a person who is experiencing this condition. The four symptoms are:

• Excessive daytime sleepiness causes people to fall asleep suddenly during mid-conversation or when doing activities.
• Cataplexy: Sudden or temporary episodes of muscle weakness in the upper and lower musculoskeletal quadrants. (Sunwoo, 2021)
• Sleep hallucinations: This can cause individuals to hallucinate visions, causing the symptoms to be mistaken for psychotic symptoms. (Hanin et al., 2021)
• Sleep paralysis: When the individual is partly awake but cannot move.

Additionally, when narcolepsy starts to affect a person, it could lead to the development of comorbidities like obesity and musculoskeletal issues that may lead to sleep disturbances to take effect. (Maski et al., 2022)

How Does It Affect Muscles?

Now, narcolepsy can affect the musculoskeletal system as the central nervous system has neurons known as orexin to stimulate the body’s muscles, tissues, and vital organs. When narcolepsy starts to affect orexin, it can cause overlapping risk profiles to the muscles that become weak, and environmental factors like obesity and metabolic syndrome can complicate diagnosing narcolepsy. (Dhafar & BaHammam, 2022). Now, as environmental factors do play a huge part in the body, causing people to develop narcolepsy, it is important to realize that when muscle weakness can contribute to the issue, it can lead to disastrous consequences. Strong emotions that are associated with muscle weakness for narcoleptic individuals can cause their body to collapse and lead to cataplexy. Cataplexy in narcoleptic individuals often has a sequence starting from the top of the head down to the legs, causing muscle tone loss, and is frequently mistaken for seizures. (Latorre et al., 2022) Luckily, there are ways to manage narcolepsy and improve sleep quality.

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Narcolepsy Treatments To Improve Sleep

When it comes to managing narcolepsy and its associated symptoms, many people can make small changes to their daily routine and incorporate treatment to improve their sleep quality and their lifestyle, too. Many individuals with narcolepsy take medication to not only stimulate their central nervous system neurons but also to reduce daytime sleepiness. Additionally, non-surgical treatments like chiropractic care can help stretch and restore muscle weakness associated with narcolepsy to help individuals manage their symptoms. Other treatments include:

• Take short naps on a comfortable mattress.
• Maintaining a proper sleep schedule.
• Exercise regularly to reduce excessive daytime sleepiness
• Eating a well-balanced, healthy meal

Incorporating these small changes as part of a daily routine can help mitigate narcolepsy and its associated symptoms. All in all, many individuals with narcolepsy can manage their symptoms and live a healthier life.

References

Dhafar, H. O., & BaHammam, A. S. (2022). Body Weight and Metabolic Rate Changes in Narcolepsy: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. Metabolites, 12(11). doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111120

Hanin, C., Arnulf, I., Maranci, J. B., Lecendreux, M., Levinson, D. F., Cohen, D., & Laurent-Levinson, C. (2021). Narcolepsy and psychosis: A systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 144(1), 28-41. doi.org/10.1111/acps.13300

Latorre, D., Sallusto, F., Bassetti, C. L. A., & Kallweit, U. (2022). Narcolepsy: a model interaction between immune system, nervous system, and sleep-wake regulation. Semin Immunopathol, 44(5), 611-623. doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00933-9

Maski, K., Mignot, E., Plazzi, G., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2022). Disrupted nighttime sleep and sleep instability in narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med, 18(1), 289-304. doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9638

Slowik, J. M., Collen, J. F., & Yow, A. G. (2024). Narcolepsy. In StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083681

Sunwoo, J. S. (2021). Narcolepsy, autoimmunity, and influenza A H1N1 vaccination. Encephalitis, 1(2), 31-35. doi.org/10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00010

Thorpy, M. J., Siegel, J. M., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2024). REM sleep in narcolepsy. Sleep Med Rev, 77, 101976. doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101976

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