Physical Therapy for Whiplash Associated Disorders

Early rehabilitation will help to prevent chronic pain and disability. Passive modalities include the application of heat, ice, electrical stimulation, massage, myofascial release, and traction. Passive modalities are often used to decrease inflammation or pain and to facilitate participation in an active rehabilitation program, which involves strengthening and stretching. Use of modalities with no more active program is usually inappropriate.

 

Active therapy refers to healing exercises that are directed at improving the patient’s strength, endurance, flexibility, posture, and body mechanics. The goal is to get community fitness program or an independent house program at the conclusion of formal therapy. The treatment prescription is recommended 3 times per week.

 

Physical Therapy for Whiplash

 

Scientific evidence for the physiotherapeutic management of whiplash is sparse. An active strategy is recommended to enhance functions, and prevent further injury. In patients with whiplash-associated disorders caused by an automobile accident, treatment with often repeated active submaximal movements combined with mechanical diagnosis and other treatment methods is more effective in reducing pain than a standard program of initial rest, use of a soft collar, and gradual self-mobilization.

 

 

In patients with whiplash-associated disorders, active intervention is more effective than standard intervention in reducing pain intensity and sick leave, as well as at retaining or regaining total ROM.

 

Appropriately trained caregivers may start and encourage active intervention, that is, often repeated, active cervical rotation, which may be followed, if needed, by assessment and intervention, according to the McKenzie protocol. Strength and endurance training for 12 months are effective for decreasing disability and pain in women with nonspecific neck pain. Fitness and stretching training are advised for patients with chronic neck pain, but stretching and aerobic exercising alone are less effective than strength training.

 

Specific neck exercises to the management of chronic neck pain, including active activation of the deep neck muscles and dynamic strengthening, may significantly improve disability scores. Consistent evidence (in two randomized, controlled trials) supports mobilization as an effective, noninvasive intervention for acute whiplash-associated disorders.

 

 

Research Study Conclusions

 

A study by Treleaven et al suggested that neck-specific exercise led by a physiotherapist, using a behavioral approach included, is more effective in treating dizziness, as well as other symptoms, associated with chronic whiplash than neck-specific physiotherapist-led exercise without a behavioral strategy or general physical activity. The study included 140 patients, who were followed up for 12 months.

 

Using the same kinds of exercise as from the Treleaven study, Landén et al found that in terms of pain, self-rated functioning and disability, and self-efficacy, in people with chronic whiplash, neck-specific exercise with or without a behavioral approach was associated with significantly greater improvement than was general physical activity at 1-year follow-up, but not at 2 decades. The analysis included 216 patients.

 

In examining the costs and effects of two kinds of intervention after whiplash injuries in automobile collisions, active intervention utilizing physical therapy and treatment was found to be less expensive and more effective than short-term immobilization with a cervical collar followed by a slow self-exercise program taught by means of a leaflet.

 

 

 

Another study questioned the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The report found that 1 year after experiencing whiplash injury from an auto accident, or other incident, a strategy using immobilization, “act-as-usual,” or mobilization had a similar effect to the other 2 methods in terms of pain avoidance, disability, and work capacity.

 

Occupational Therapy for Whiplash

 

Occupational therapy may be indicated unless a concurrent problem involves a distal upper-extremity function or ergonomic factors in causation. If biomechanical stresses of work activity are factors in the causation or exacerbation of the problem, a workstation ergonomic evaluation may be indicated.

 

The degree of neck pain or disorder can be assessed by using standardized scales. A scale’s choice should be tailored according to evaluation’s goal and the target population. The Neck Disability Index is helpful for evaluating groups of individuals, and the Patient Specific Scale is a great tool for assessing individual patients.

 

The scope of our information is limited to chiropractic and spinal injuries and conditions. To discuss options on the subject matter, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at 915-850-0900

 

By Dr. Alex Jimenez

 

Additional Topics: Automobile Accident Injuries

 

Whiplash, among other automobile accident injuries, are frequently reported by victims of an auto collision, regardless of the severity and grade of the accident. The sheer force of an impact can cause damage or injury to the cervical spine, as well as to the rest of the spine. Whiplash is generally the result of an abrupt, back-and-forth jolt of the head and neck in any direction. Fortunately, a variety of treatments are available to treat automobile accident injuries.

 

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Professional Scope of Practice *

The information herein on "Physical Therapy for Whiplash Associated Disorders" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.

Blog Information & Scope Discussions

Our information scope is limited to Chiropractic, musculoskeletal, physical medicines, wellness, contributing etiological viscerosomatic disturbances within clinical presentations, associated somatovisceral reflex clinical dynamics, subluxation complexes, sensitive health issues, and/or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions.

We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from various disciplines. Each specialist is governed by their professional scope of practice and their jurisdiction of licensure. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and directly or indirectly support our clinical scope of practice.*

Our office has reasonably attempted to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We provide copies of supporting research studies available to regulatory boards and the public upon request.

We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, or contact us at 915-850-0900.

We are here to help you and your family.

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Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, RN*, CCST, IFMCP*, CIFM*, ATN*

email: coach@elpasofunctionalmedicine.com

Licensed as a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC) in Texas & New Mexico*
Texas DC License # TX5807, New Mexico DC License # NM-DC2182

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