Complex Injuries

Heat Cramps: Dehydration, Electrolyte Imbalance, and Prevention

Individuals that engage in heavy exercise can develop heat cramps from overexertion. Can knowing the causes and symptoms help prevent future episodes from happening?

Heat Cramps

Heat cramps can develop during exercise from overexertion or prolonged exposure to high temperatures. The muscle cramps, spasms, and pain can range from mild to severe.

Muscle Cramps and Dehydration

Heat cramps often develop because of dehydration and electrolyte loss. (Robert Gauer, Bryce K. Meyers 2019) Symptoms include:

Electrolytes like sodium, calcium, and magnesium are important for properly functioning muscles, including the heart. The primary role of sweating is to regulate the body’s temperature. (MedlinePlus. 2015) Sweat is mostly water, electrolytes, and sodium. Excessive sweating from physical activity and exertion or a hot environment can cause electrolyte imbalances that lead to cramps, spasms, and other symptoms.

Causes and Activities

Heat cramps most commonly affect individuals who sweat excessively during strenuous activity or are exposed to hot temperatures for prolonged periods. The body and organs need to cool down, which causes sweat production. However, too much sweating can lead to dehydration and electrolyte depletion. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022)

Risk Factors

Factors that can increase the risk of developing heat cramps include: (Robert Gauer, Bryce K. Meyers 2019)

  • Age – Children and adults 65 years and older have the highest risk.
  • Excessive sweating.
  • Low sodium diet.
  • Preexisting Medical Conditions – heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are conditions that can increase the risk of muscle cramping.
  • Medications – blood pressure, diuretics, and antidepressants can affect electrolyte balance and hydration.
  • Alcohol consumption.

Self-Care

If heat cramps begin, immediately stop the activity and look for a cool environment. Rehydrate the body to replenish the fluid loss. Staying hydrated and drinking fluids regularly during intense activity or in a hot environment can help prevent the body from cramping. examples of beverages that increase electrolytes include:

Gently applying pressure and massaging affected muscles can help reduce pain and spasms. As symptoms resolve, it is recommended to not return to strenuous activity too soon because additional exertion can progressively lead to heatstroke or heat exhaustion. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021) Heatstroke and heat exhaustion are two heat-related illnesses. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022)

  • Heatstroke is when the body loses the ability to regulate temperature and can cause dangerously high temperatures.
  • Heat exhaustion is the body’s response to excessive fluid and electrolyte loss.

Symptom Timing

The timing and length of heat cramps can determine whether medical attention is necessary. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022)

During or After Activities

  • The majority of heat cramps develop during activities because of the exertion and sweating, causing more electrolytes to be lost and the body to become more dehydrated.
  • Symptoms can also develop minutes to hours after activity has ceased.

Duration

  • Most heat-related muscle cramps will resolve with rest and hydration within 30–60 minutes.
  • If muscle cramping or spasms do not subside within one hour, seek professional medical attention.
  • For individuals with heart conditions or on a low-sodium diet who develop heat cramps, regardless of duration, medical help is necessary to ensure there are no complications.

Prevention

Tips for preventing heat cramps include: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022)

  • Drink plenty of fluids before and during physical activities.
  • Avoid alcohol and caffeinated beverages.
  • Avoid exercising or exposure to extreme heat during peak sunlight hours.
  • Avoid tight and dark-colored clothing.

Assessing Patients In A Chiropractic Setting


References

Gauer, R., & Meyers, B. K. (2019). Heat-Related Illnesses. American family physician, 99(8), 482–489.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Heat stress — heat related illness. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/heatstress/heatrelillness.html#cramps

MedlinePlus. (2015). Sweat. Retrieved from medlineplus.gov/sweat.html#cat_47

FoodData Central. (2019). Nuts, coconut water (liquid from coconuts). Retrieved from fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170174/nutrients

FoodData Central. (2019). Milk, nonfat, fluid, with added vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free or skim). Retrieved from fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/746776/nutrients

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Frequently asked questions (FAQ) about extreme heat. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/faq.html

Post Disclaimer *

Professional Scope of Practice *

The information herein on "Heat Cramps: Dehydration, Electrolyte Imbalance, and Prevention" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.

Blog Information & Scope Discussions

Our information scope is limited to Chiropractic, musculoskeletal, physical medicines, wellness, contributing etiological viscerosomatic disturbances within clinical presentations, associated somatovisceral reflex clinical dynamics, subluxation complexes, sensitive health issues, and/or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions.

We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from various disciplines. Each specialist is governed by their professional scope of practice and their jurisdiction of licensure. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and directly or indirectly support our clinical scope of practice.*

Our office has reasonably attempted to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We provide copies of supporting research studies available to regulatory boards and the public upon request.

We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez, DC, or contact us at 915-850-0900.

We are here to help you and your family.

Blessings

Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, RN*, CCST, IFMCP*, CIFM*, ATN*

email: coach@elpasofunctionalmedicine.com

Licensed as a Doctor of Chiropractic (DC) in Texas & New Mexico*
Texas DC License # TX5807, New Mexico DC License # NM-DC2182

Licensed as a Registered Nurse (RN*) in Florida
Florida License RN License # RN9617241 (Control No. 3558029)
Compact Status: Multi-State License: Authorized to Practice in 40 States*
Presently Matriculated: ICHS: MSN* FNP (Family Nurse Practitioner Program)

Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, RN* CIFM*, IFMCP*, ATN*, CCST
My Digital Business Card

Recent Posts

Dealing with Primary Insomnia: Tips for a Good Night’s Sleep

Could learning to apply healthy sleep hygiene habits help improve sleep and overall health for… Read More

November 20, 2024

Achieve Optimal Gut Health with the Help of Natural Probiotic Foods

Can incorporating natural probiotic foods help improve many people's gut health and restore functionality to… Read More

November 20, 2024

Whiplash Rehabilitation: Restoring Neck Health

Experiencing a whiplash injury can be disorienting and painful. Can recognizing the signs of more… Read More

November 19, 2024

Discover the Power of Natural Remedies for Fibromyalgia

Individuals dealing with fibromyalgia can find natural remedies to reduce the pain-like symptoms and provide… Read More

November 19, 2024

Whipped Cream Substitutes: Dairy-Free Options and Alternatives

For individuals who are looking for a whipped cream substitute for a dairy-free alternative, what… Read More

November 18, 2024

Ways to Stay Active and Maintain Fitness After an Injury

Can modified workouts and/or having a personal trainer design an alternate fitness routine while in… Read More

November 15, 2024